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Salviati

(6,054 posts)
17. Some really weird stuff happens around black holes - even outside of the event horizon.
Sun Jan 14, 2024, 06:33 PM
Jan 2024

For an object orbiting a normal planet/star/other object, the orbiting object needs a net force inwards, to make the centripetal acceleration required to cause the velocity to change direction to follow the circular orbit instead of traveling in a straight line. That net force is provided by gravity, and the orbital speed is the speed at which the orbing object can travel so that the gravitational force provides exactly the right amount of centripetal acceleration for that speed and that orbital distance.

Very close to a black hole (but still outside the event horizon) space is so curved, that what is considered a straight line is now bent in a circle. The path that the orbiting object would want to take, if it had no net force on it, would be in a circle around the black hole. This happens at a radius of 1.5 times the radius of the black hole. Normally, the faster you move around in a circle, the more force you need to keep you on your circular path, but in this case, you don't need any force to keep you on the path. This is a problem, because a normally orbiting object uses the gravitational force to provide that force to keep it in circular motion, but in this case we still have the gravitational force, but we don't need it for the orbit. if you were in a rocket, you'd need to constantly fire your engines inwards, just to balance out the gravitational force, but then you could orbit at any speed without adjusting your engines.

Its even weirder inside this radius. Inside 1.5 times the radius of the black hole, what is considered a straight line is actually curved tighter than a circle. Now the centripetal acceleration actually points outwards instead of inwards. The faster you move around your orbit, the harder you need to fire the engines to keep yourself from curving inwards.

Of course if you were around a smallish black hole, the tidal forces would likely be pretty insane at that point, but around supermassive black holes, the area around the event horizon can be pretty uniform from what I understand.

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I thought this was a question about Trump lawyers nt Stardust Mirror Jan 2024 #1
Yeah they definitely are looking for ways to slow down time! Shermann Jan 2024 #2
Planning a little intergalactic trip and want to make it seem longer or shorter? marble falls Jan 2024 #3
Yes. Salviati Jan 2024 #4
Right, but can the effects be canceled out? Shermann Jan 2024 #10
They aren't canceled Salviati Jan 2024 #11
OK so gravitational field strength and gravitational potential are two separate things Shermann Jan 2024 #14
Right, they're different - but related. Salviati Jan 2024 #16
Oh I got them reversed! Oh well. Shermann Jan 2024 #22
I feel that time changes when I stand up. Arne Jan 2024 #5
Does an object ... experience time dilation? sanatanadharma Jan 2024 #6
"Experience" means simply encounter or undergo in this context. Shermann Jan 2024 #7
I "googled" this through Duck Duck Go: stable orbits around black holes and time dilution Backseat Driver Jan 2024 #8
Just for funzies I posed the question to Microsoft Copilot Shermann Jan 2024 #9
Have to be careful about trusting AI Salviati Jan 2024 #12
Yeah Copilot got part of that from the OP! Shermann Jan 2024 #13
What about gravitational tides? Jeebo Jan 2024 #15
Some really weird stuff happens around black holes - even outside of the event horizon. Salviati Jan 2024 #17
Again, pardon my ignorance, but ... Jeebo Jan 2024 #18
By radius here... Salviati Jan 2024 #20
Could you help me find something? Jeebo Jan 2024 #21
That doesn't give a whole lot to go on, and it's not ringing any bells. Salviati Jan 2024 #23
The last time I orbited a black hole, time just stood still, just like it does on the church pew on Sunday morning. Chainfire Jan 2024 #19
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