Barack Obama

In a statement, Sessions blasted the majority who voted "yes," arguing that the trade deal will lead to the loss of American jobs. He also said the Trans-Pacific Partnership may also threaten U.S. sovereignty because language in the deal would create a trans-national organization that could impact American immigration and labor policy.

"Washington broke arms and heads to get that 60th vote—not one to spare—to impose on the American people a plan which imperils their jobs, wages, and control over their own affairs," the senator said. "It is remarkable that so much energy has been expended on advancing the things Americans oppose, and preventing the things Americans want."

Shelby said in a statement that he voted "no" because he had reservations about Obama's negotiating skills, adding that he believed the president has overstepped his presidential authority through executive actions on immigration and negotiating a nuclear deal with Iran.

"While I support the principle of free trade, I voted against moving forward on a bill that would provide the president with 'fast-track' authority," he said. "President Obama has abused the power of his office many times, and I have serious concerns with his ability to negotiate a trade deal that will be in the best interest of the American people."

Also siding with Alabama's senators were two presidential candidates – Sens. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, and Rand Paul, R-Ky. The fifth GOP "no" vote was Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine.