Canada

In Canada, an election must be called every 4 years, this is a relatively recent criteria as it used to be much more flexible with a max of 5 years when the ruling party holds the majority of seats.

If the governing party doesn't hold the majority of seats in the House but holds more than any of the opposition parties then they form what is known as a minority government which has to depend on support from at least some of the opposition party members to stay in power. A minority government can fall at any time, a majority government can govern for the 4 full years without a realistic possibility of losing a vote on any of their bills.

A party that wins the majority of seats in the House of Parliament becomes the government, it's as simple as that.

The GG is only asked to dissolve Parliament in order to trigger an election and this happens either after the 4 years with a majority government or after a minority government loses a confidence vote in the House.

I hope this helps.