Cold Spray valve seats

This is an additive process that Nissan is the first to use in one of their new engines. Engine to be used in a Hybrid. 1.5 liter turbo, 3 cylinder.

Fun to see how this will work. This will replace traditional valve seats.

https://global.nissannews.com/en/releases/nissan-introduces-worlds-1st-valve-seat-using-cold-spray-tech-in-new-e-power-dedicated-engine

This tech has been developed at Stanford. Fun technology.

What is Cold Spray?
Cold spray (CS) employs a pressurized gas to propel powder particles, typically measuring between 5–45 μm, at supersonic speeds. The particles impinge on the substrate in the solid state at comparatively low temperatures, often between room temperature and 600°C. Upon impact, the powder experiences plastic deformation and is built upon layer after layer until it forms a three-dimensional structure or coating. Unlike traditional thermal spray processes, which need material melting, cold spray enables one to deposit dense coatings at a low temperature. Consequently, it retains the chemical composition and microstructure of the raw material. And it inhibits such effects as oxidation, compositional loss, or grain growth.

Depending on the pressure of the employed gas, cold spray can be categorized as high-pressure (working pressure more than 1 MPa) and low-pressure (lower than 1 MPa) cold spray. In the high-pressure cold spray process, the gas is first diverged and directed through a heater and a powder feeder in sequence. These streams then converge and form a supersonic gas-powder two-phase flow through a de-Laval nozzle, which facilitates the production of high-quality coatings. Low-pressure cold spray equipment is less complicated. The hot gas itself transports the powder to the nozzle, where it is sprayed. However, with the reduced temperature and lower gas pressure, the coatings resulting from pre-spraying usually have lower density and adhesion strength. Its actual use is generally limited to the repair and reinforcement of the surface of some metals, such as aluminum and copper. Accordingly, in industrial applications, "cold spray" is usually synonymous with the high-pressure cold spray process.

https://powder.samaterials.com/overview-of-cold-spray-technology.html#:~:text=Cold%20spray%20technology%20can%20reduce,and%20extending%20the%20vehicle's%20lifespan.